Managing Packages & Users

Index

Installing and Removing Software in Linux
Getting and Unpacking the Package
Configuring the Package
Compiling the Package
Managing Users and Groups

Installing and Removing Software in Linux

Enable root user
```
sudo passwd root
```
Install the package in the root user (vim is text editor package/ software)
```
apt-get install vim
```
Install the package in the normal user (okular is pdf viewer package)
```
sudo apt-get install okular
```

Removing Package/ Software

sudo apt remove vim
(vim package name )

Getting and unpacking the package

A tar.gz file contains several compressed files to save storage space, as well as bandwidth during the downloading process. The .tar file acts as a portable container for other files and is sometimes called a tarball. The .gz part of the extension stands for gzip, a commonly-used compression utility.

Prerequisites

Access to a command-line/terminal window
The tar utility (included by default)
The gzip utility (included by default)

Extracting tar.gz Files in Linux

Using gzip Utility for zipping the files

Gzip by default, extracts the file in the current directory. In this example, the file is located in the Documents directory. Below, we have used the file named test.txt. Use the name of the file you want to compress instead. to compress a single file with gzip enters the command in your terminal window:

gzip test.txt

After zipping the file, enter the command ls to confirm that the file has been compressed. The output confirms that the file now has a .gz extension.

~/Documents$ gzip test.txt
~/Documents$ ls
test.txt.gz

Using gunzip to unzip the files

To decompress a file, use the gunzip command:

gunzip test.txt

Again, use the ls command to confirm the extension of the file.

~/Documents$ gunzip test.txt
~/Documents$ ls
test.txt

Configuring a Package

dpkg –configure one of the popular commands used to configure unpacked programs or packages. Configuration command is used to unpack and configure the package. You can unpack packages with the following command:

$ dpkg --unpack [package_name]

Now, you can configure the package you have recently unpacked above. To configure it, use the following command:

$ dpkg --configure [package_name]

How to Compile the Package on Linux

The build-essential package contains make, the automatic tool used to begin compiling your source code into software that you can run on your PC. It uses the makefile file, configured and created by the earlier configure command, which contains the specific instructions needed to compile your package.

To begin compiling your source code, open a terminal and use the cd command to enter the correct folder. When you’re ready, type make to begin compiling your package.

This will take a little bit of time to complete, depending on the size of the package and your available system resources. If no errors appear after your software package has been compiled, you can then install your package.

Managing User and Groups

What is a User?

A user is another name of an account capable of logging into a computer. A user is an individual who uses the available hardware and software resources.
User account Properties – /etc/passwd
User Password Properties – /etc/shadow

Type of User:

System User: - It is created by OS automatically.
Eg.
Root user account automatically created at the time of Linux OS Installation.
Administrator user account automatically created at the time of Windows OS installation.
Normal User: - It is created by privilege/Administrator user
Eg.
Student, Sachin, Ajay

To manage user accounts use the following commands –

useradd: - use to add a user account
usermod: - use to modify existing user account
userdel: - use to delete a user account
passwd: - use to create or change a user account password

Manage User Account step by step: -

For Create user account:
```
useradd ajay
```
For check user account properties: grep search ajay string into passwd file were stored the user account database and display the whole line where match ajay string.
```
grep ajay /etc/passwd
```
For Crate/change user account password:
Type here the password which wants to set, need to re-enter the password for the confirmation.
```
Passwd ajay
```
For switch one user account to another user account:
```
su ajay
```
For delete user account:
```
userdel ajay
```
With above command, we can delete the user account but it home directory still remains, for deleting the user account with the home directory we can use the following command.
```
userdel -r ajay
```

What is a group?

Group is a collection of user accounts which very uses full to an administrator for manage and apply for permission on a number of users.
Group Properties – /etc/group
Group Admin Properties – /etc/gshadow

Type of Group:

Primary Group: - The primary group create and delete with user account operation
Secondary Group: - The secondary group creates and delete by the privileged user.

For add group account: -

groupadd developergrp

For check group account properties: -

grep developergrp /etc/group

To add a single member in a group: -

gpasswd -a sara developergrp

To add multiple members in a group: -

gpasswd -M ajay,vijay,harry developergrp

For make/change group admin: -

gpasswd -A sara developergrp

To remove group, admin: -

gpasswd -A “” developergrp

To check group admin properties: -

Grep developergrp /etc/gshadow

For delete group account: -

groupdel developergrp

For modify group Id: -

groupmod -g 2556 developergrp

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